1. A retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) should have a strong value proposition (SVP) and tangible benefits for citizens. The decision process should start with identifying the problem(s) to be solved with CBDC and evaluating all alternative solutions. The CBDC option should be chosen only if it has a compelling value proposition relative to the best alternatives. If the CBDC option is chosen, SVPs to other digital forms of money are essential. To drive adoption, it is not sufficient to offer a new means of payment that has the same features as today’s means of payment.
Potential SVPs of CBDCs for users are high privacy guarantees, both online and offline capabilities with no need for later third-party approval or validation, low risk as a digital form of default-resistant central bank money, and CBDC value units as part of an independent, sovereign, and sanction-resistant payment infrastructure to ensure monetary sovereignty in uncertain times. For merchants, the SVPs are lower fees than for currently-existing means of payments and instant settlement. For companies/industry features for programmable payments and the use of smart contracts are SVPs.
2. A CBDC should provide the highest degree of privacy. In this context, a CBDC should supply technically guaranteed privacy by design and by default, without the need to trust the central bank to preserve privacy. The CBDC can be utilized, ideally, by anonymous payments for small- and medium-sized transactions.
3. A CBDC should not be designed in a way to do harm to society, e.g., via very negative interest rates, or via so-called programmable money that restricts the use of money for specific types of expenditures (e.g., special food and beverages, computer games etc.) or that expires after a certain amount of time. A CBDC should be based on principles of self-determination and freedom.
4. The development of a CBDC should follow a collaborative approach involving all stakeholders (central banks, financial institutions, associations, end-users, companies, researchers, etc.) and have a well-defined governance system. The design and development processes should be transparent, public, and open. Ideally, a CBDC should be open-source and use open-source technology to increase transparency.
5. The CBDC should exhibit technical, regulatory and usage interoperability, both locally and globally.
Abel Borghuis
Achim Braunsteffer
Dr. Achim E. H. Wolf, Innovation A
Adam Retkes, CBDC Think Tank Budapest
Adeolu Fadele, Cryptography Development Initiative in Nigeria
Dr. Adriana Carotenuto
Ainur Kenzhayeva, PFTDC of the National Bank of Kazakhstan
Ajibola Soyoye
Akira Sasaki
Alex Smith
Alexander Gloy, Lighthouse Investment Management
Alexander Korte, MVJ Vermögensverwaltung GMBH
Dr. Alexander Rad
Prof. Dr. Alfredo Muñoz
Alyssa Ong
Amnon Samid, BitMint
Andre Costa, Free Enterprise Advisors
André Kießling
Andreas Ebner, GFT Technologies SE
Andreas Hartauer
Dr. Andreas (Andy) Jobst, Roxe Inc.
Andrew Wright, Thomas Murray
Animesh Ghosh, KornChain
Anita Dickson
Anthony Smith
Antonio Lanotte
Antony Welfare
Aparajita Roy, KornChain London
Arpit Singh
Ashot Bychkov
Balaji Natarajan
Barbara Baldwin, InnoValue
Barbara Cleve
Dr. Benedikt Zoller, ZHAW
Benjamin Schellinger, Branch Business & Information Systems Engineering of the Fraunhofer FIT
Benjamin Schmid, First Coin GmbH
Bernardo Stegmaier, Bitpanda
Bernhard Kaufmann
Bert Bosman, Step Forward Consultancy
Binur Zhalenov, PFTDC of the National Bank of Kazakhstan
Brian Becerra Rojas, 21MBulls
Carmen Calhoun, CC’s Industries LLC
Chris Bruppacher, Swiss Stablecoin AG
Christian Pfister
Cizar Bachir Brahim, SWNGLOBAL- MetaMUI
Clark Parsons, Internet Economy Foundation
Clemens Behrend
Conrad Kraft
Damian Szkudlarek, hoopbit Damian Szkudlarek
Daniel Alkan, Severn Consultancy
Daniel Dilworth
Daniel Holk
Daniel Stahl, Cryp2D GmbH
Daniel Zommer
Dániel Szegő
Dr. David Tercero-Lucas
Dercio Frade
Prof. Dr. Deyan Radev, Sofia University
Diego Montes Serralde
Diego Rodríguez, Kyron records
Dieter Emmer
Dirk Braun
Dmitry Ouzkikh
Dominik Merz
Eron Mamudi
Esosa Orhue, E-Warehouse Consulting
Eugenio Reggianini
Eva Veldhoen
F. Altenburg, Ons Geld
Felix Bekemeier
Fernando L. B. Marques, University of Sao Paulo
Dr. Filipe Ferreira
Francesco Mazzetti
Francis Souza, ACI Worldwide
Frans Sikking
Frédéric Tronnier
Ganesh Shetti, 3si technologies
Gann-Jiun Lin, Aimichia Technology., CO., LTD.
Georg Lanzinger
Dr. Gerald Hessenberger
Gerrit Van Malkenhorst, Stichting Ons Geld (Our Money Foundation)
Dr. Gianluca D’Imperio
Gonzalo Davalos, 21MBulls
Gourav Roy, BCG
Gurinder Dua
Hamit Boyraz, Finwise Consulting
Hamza Mohammed Ali
HE Leever
Helena de Boer
Hendrik Tuinstra, Renderklippenweg 7
Prof. Dr. Horst Treiblmaier
Ian Gerstgrasser, DERA
Dr. Ivan Homoliak, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology
Iván Manso Arenal, Accenture
J.P. Nolan
Jafar Mussaid, Nuqud
Jan Spörer
Jannah Patchay
Jaskaran Singh
Dr. Javier Jorge Vázquez, Catholic University of Ávila
Jeremi Van den Berghe
Johan Welling
Johan Zijlstra
Johannes Sedlmeir
John Kiff, CBDC Think Tank
Dr. Jonas Gross
Dr. Joost Smitskamp
José Zárate, Stamping.io
Kamlesh Nagware
Katarina Mattmuller
Khang Vu Tien
Dr. Kimmo Soramaki, FNA
Dr. Kombe Kaponda, Bank of Zambia
Laurens van Dijk, Exin bv
Lena Grale
Lennart Schuldt
Linda Dudek
Luitpold Deutzer
Lukas Kress
Lukasz Jakubczak
Luki Song, FirstBank
Mahmoud Jawwad, Nova Blockchain Club
Makis Malioris
Marcel Knobloch
Marek Łyjak
Mariano Camere Echevarría, 21MBulls
Mark Allin
Mark Jansen
Mark Janssen
Dr. Mark Yama Tampuri Jnr
Dr. Martijn van der Linden, The Hague University of Applied Sciences
Martin Debusmann
Dr. Maurits Hooiveld
Melvina Markmann
Dr. Michael Gebert, European Blockchain Association
Mickaël Gaborit, Blooo
Nadine Kanaan
Navin Oswal
Neo Lin, Qianyuhui International Environmental Investment
Neslihan Ozkan
Dr. Nicola Davolio, Hupry
Nirinasoa Rajaona
Oliver Naegele
Omar Kerschbamer
Pallavi Thakur
Pascal Kaiser
Patricia Suárez, ASUFIN
Patrick van Asbroeck
Paul Hulsman
Paul McOlaka
Dr. Peter Dittus
Dr. Peter Slivka, Zota Payment Technologies AG
Phil Haunhorst, Obius
Philipp Misura
Prof. Dr. Philipp Sandner, Frankfurt School Blockchain Center
Pier Mario Lupinu
Piort Naw
Piotr Tatarczyk
Prakash Neupane, Exploreby Technology
Rajib Ghosh, KornChain Limited
Raphael Sperling, Tax Sparrow
Richard Turrin
Richard Weals, Learn Trade Transform Ltd
Rick Clephas
Ridwan Badmus
Dr. Ritesh Jain, Infynit / Former COO HSBC
Roberto Pagliari
Roberto Wächtler
Rosita Sikking-Reeberg
Rungrot Tatiyawongwiwat
Dr. Samuel De Gannes, De Gannes Technolgies Inc.
Sandro Stoffers
Sarah Palurovic
Sascha Braband
Sathyanarayanan Sridharan
Selin Sezer
Prof. Dr. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso, Dekis Research Group
Sheilla Olga, INATBA
Simon Soppart
Sophie Aurelly Ngouakang Tchinda, Tchinsop law firm, Douala-Cameroon
Srihari Sridharan
Srikanth Tanniru
Stavros Goulas
Stephan Dreyer
Dr. Stephan Simon
Steve Wallace
Sunny Jiang, MaasValley
Suzan Bosch
Dr. Talha Ocal
Tamara Ferreira Schmidt
Tan Gürpinar, Blockchain Europe
Tatiana Matersheva-Indlekofer
Thomas Michalski, Infineon Technologies
Tilemachos Angelitsas, Omnis Engineering Services PC
Tom Dapp, KfW Digital Office
Tomasz Wawron
Tomaž Fleischman
Tommy Cooksey
Ubasinachi Nkume, Clplegal
Valentin Seehausen, Open Currency Technology
Valeria Aragonés Díaz
Dr. Victor Muñoz, BRIGHT NFT
Vid Hribar, RBI AG
Vidyashankar Ramalingam
Vito Domizio
Wieger Janse
Xavier Lavayssière, ECAN
Zvinodashe Mupambirei